Since the earliest versions of indoor LED light bulbs were developed, their designers have faced a variety of technical challenges. These include AC-to-DC power conversion, thermal design/heat-sinking ...

The advent of LED lighting in the past few years has now matured to the point where sweeping changes exist in the way we think about illumination. LED lighting was once the darling of scientists and ...

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are often used with a voltage source from a power-supply output voltage. The output voltage increases until the current through the LEDs reaches the value of the ...

Incremental-rotation or linear encoders are very common, but normally they do not provide a direction signal. This design shows an easy way to detect forward or reverse direction. Incremental encoders ...