Linear mixed models (LMMs) are a powerful and established tool for studying genotype–phenotype relationships. A limitation of the LMM is that the model assumes Gaussian distributed residuals, a ...

Recursive estimation techniques for fixed and completely random models are extended to mixed linear models. The Kalman filter is used to obtain recursive estimators for a two-part random model where ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We show in a general mixed model the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUE) of fixed effects, with unknown variance components substituted by ...